![]() ![]() In early Jewish sources, the term can also refer to other forms of calculation or letter manipulation, for example atbash. Donations of money in multiples of 18 are very popular. This has made 18 a " lucky number" among the Jewish people. 'alive'), which is composed of two letters that (using the assignments in the mispar gadol table shown below) add up to 18. A short example of Hebrew numerology that uses gematria is the word חי ( chai, lit. ![]() Gematria sums can involve single words, or a string of lengthy calculations. The value of words with Aru were assigned in an entirely arbitrary manner and correspondences were made through tables, and so cannot be considered a true form of gematria. Aru was very different from the Milesian systems used by Greek and Hebrew cultures, which used alphabetic writing scripts. Īlthough a type of gematria system ('Aru') was employed by the ancient Babylonian culture, their writing script was logographic, and the numerical assignments they made were to whole words. When read as numbers, they can be compared and contrasted with other words or phrases – cf. It involves reading words and sentences as numbers, assigning numerical instead of phonetic value to each letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The most common form of Hebrew gematria is used in the Talmud and Midrash, and elaborately by many post-Talmudic commentators. Similar systems have been used in other languages and cultures, derived from or inspired by either Greek isopsephy or Hebrew gematria, and include Arabic abjad numerals and English gematria. The first evidence of use of Hebrew letters as numbers dates to 78 BCE gematria is still used in Jewish culture. Table of correspondences from Carl Faulmann's Das Buch der Schrift (1880), showing glyph variants for Phoenician letters and numbers.Īccording to Aristotle (384–322 BCE), isopsephy, based on the Milesian numbering of the Greek alphabet developed in the Greek city of Miletus, was part of the Pythagorean tradition, which originated in the 6th century BCE. The letters of the alphabets involved have standard numerical values, but a word can yield several values if a cipher is used. ![]() Gematria ( / ɡ ə ˈ m eɪ t r i ə/ Hebrew: גמטריא or gimatria גימטריה, plural גמטראות or גימטריאות, gimatriot) is the practice of assigning a numerical value to a name, word or phrase by reading it as a number, or sometimes by using an alphanumerical cipher. ![]()
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